Technical Information

CarbonSAFE Initiative

Storage Complex Feasibility

Phase II: Storage Complex Feasibility aims to evaluate potential sites for storing over 50 million metric tons of CO₂ in geological formations across the U.S., including offshore regions. The phase involves technical and economic studies, drilling test wells, geophysical surveys, fluid analysis, and CO₂ injection modeling.

The goal is to identify safe, large-scale carbon storage solutions in areas with limited previous research, ensuring environmental safety and economic viability.

Site Characterization and Permitting

Phase III: Site Characterization and Permitting focuses on preparing detailed permit applications, such as the EPA UIC Class VI permit, and fulfilling environmental reviews like NEPA assessments. This phase includes CO₂ source feasibility studies, transport planning, storage development, and community benefit plans. Developers will create risk mitigation and business plans while coordinating with federal and state agencies to meet regulatory requirements.

The goal is to ensure safe, compliant carbon storage projects, supported by cross-agency coordination facilitated by the Department of Energy (DOE). 

NEPA and FEED Studies

Phase III.5 focuses on completing critical steps for carbon storage projects already advanced in permitting and technical planning but lacking NEPA compliance and a finalized Community Benefits Plan. Activities include developing Environmental Assessments (EA) or Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), a CO₂ Source Feasibility Study, Transport FEED Study, Storage Field Development Plan, Risk Assessment and Mitigation Plan, and Business Plan.

Projects may require coordination with multiple agencies to meet environmental and regulatory requirements, ensuring readiness for the next deployment phase. 

Construction

Phase IV—Before moving into construction, all necessary federal, state, and local permits must be secured, including approvals for well injection and site development. The project must also complete environmental reviews, feasibility studies for CO₂ capture and transport, and a detailed storage field development plan. Additional requirements include a risk assessment, mitigation strategies, and a business plan to ensure long-term project success.

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